e working in hotels or engaged in garbage picking and are in the age group of 14-16. The back to schools intervention for them provides 2-3 hours’ night teaching classes along with some refreshment. The scheme successfully involves many NGOs.

 What are the major challenges you face while implementing such programmes?

The problem is faced more in hilly tracks and in forests areas, densely populated by the tribal people. We face the difficulty in establishing centres in such places because of lack of infrastructure. We have to shift the schools sometimes to some urban places or most habitated places, may be due to lack of road or lack of school buildings or else to ensure safety to the girls. The difficulties lie with the geographical areas in some districts, which are really difficult to manage with.

 Have you started any special programme to educate tribals?

Yes. Uraow, Khariya, Munda are the major tribes in the state of Jharkhand. We have translated textbooks in to their languages so that they can learn and understand through the medium of their own language.We have opened schools in their areas and also provide them mid-day meals so that they come, stay and learn something. We provide them books and even dresses and try to motivate the parents to send their wards.

 What are the strategies you adopt to make Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) an integral part of the education process?

In Jharkhand, free computer education is provided in about 300 schools. Students learn computer through the computer set up in each school.

 Do you have any plan for teachers’ training, making them oriented with ICT integrated education?

We train teachers through Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). We have District Institute of Training where we provide training to teachers for 20-30 days. The regular teachers are trained in English language too.

 Do you think that Jharkhand needs any state specific vision to meet its education requirements?

We are getting directions as well as funds from the central government and at the same time the state government also draws some plan. As the central government will not be in a position to understand the regional necessities and geographical barriers always, which the state machinery understands better, some state specific vision are added into the education programmes from time to time.